Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by the reduction in the bone mineral density which leaves the bones more prone to fractures. It can cause serious damage to the spinal column, like the fracturing of the vertebra in the advanced cases. In the beginning stages it may manifest as sudden and very severe pain in the [...]
The phase of menstrual cycle plays a crucial role in determining the performance of a female athlete. Usually the cycle ranges from 21 to 35 days and the phase may last from 2 to 9 days. In the menstrual phase there is a periodic discharge of 25 to 65ml of blood and tissue fluid. The [...]
Asthma caused by physical activity is referred to as sport induced or exercise-induced asthma (EIA). Asthma involves the constriction and inflammation of the airways of the respiratory system. The airways can spasm or constrict when induced by physical activity or other factors.
Urinary incontinence refers to the inability to control the release of urine from the bladder. In normal urination, bladder muscles contract releasing urine into the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the body. There is a relaxation of the urinary sphincter surrounding the urethra at the same time which permits the urine to [...]
Hormones are the secretory substances that convey signals between the cells usually via blood. Various hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands which include pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals ovaries, testes, pancreatic islets, certain portions of the gastrointestinal tract and the placenta.
Exercise related headache is a common concern affecting athletes over a wide range of sports. It is not exactly discovered what causes this prolonged headache. But studies suggest that the increased muscular tension in the neck and the head could be the reason. Effort migraine and exertional headache are the two basic types of headaches [...]
Female athletic triad is an umbrella term used for the simultaneous occurrence of mutually accelerating diseases like osteoporosis, amenorrhea and eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa which constitute a triad.
Smoking, including passive smoking has adverse effects on sports performance. More often people take up smoking for fun and get addicted to it later. As substantiated by scientific research, many chemicals in cigarettes, such as nicotine are actually poisonous which may leave the individual in serious health risk, including death.
Birth control pills or oral contraceptive agents (OCA) are used for contraceptive purposes, menstrual cycle regulation, the treatment of dysmenorrhea and estrogen replacement therapy in patients with amenorrhea. The effects of these pills on the performance of the athlete and health are to be studied to analyze their pros and cons.
